This publication has been developed as part of the Early Warnings for All (EW4All) initiative of the United Nation’s General Secretary, aiming to provide Early Warning Systems (EWS) for all by 2027, hence ensuring protection from weather and climate hazards. It particularly supports the initiative’s first pillar - Disaster Risk Knowledge and Management - coordinated by the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR), which aims to increase risk knowledge globally so that everyone is equipped with adequate capacity and technical expertise to systematically collect, analyse, and disseminate risk information for use in EWS. UNDRR engaged CIMA Foundation to develop this deliverable.